Toning or Halftoning is the transformation of a grayscale or color image to a pattern of small spots with a limited number of colors. Mostly done with black spot on white background. Digital halftoning has been replacing photographic halftoning since the 1970s when 'electronic dot generators' were developed for the film recorder units linked to colour drum scanners made by companies such as Crosfield Electronics, Hell and Linotype-Paul. Screentone is a technique for applying textures and shades to drawings, used as an alternative to hatching. In the conventional process, patterns are transferred to paper from preprinted sheets, but the technique is also simulated in computer graphics. It is also known by the common brand names Zip-A-Tone (1937, now defunct), Chart-Pak (1949), and Letratone (1966, from Letraset). A traditional screentone sheet consists of a flexible transparent backing, printed with texture, and a wax adhesive layer. The sheet is applied to the paper, adhesi...
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